Theoretical Critique Assignment

Theoretical Critique Assignment and Significance of the theory

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Theoretical Critique Assignment and Significance of the theory

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Introduction

The Deliberative Nursing Process Theory formulated by Ida Jean Orlando will be analyzed and evaluated in this paper. She was one of the early thinkers in nursing who highlighted the components of the nursing process and the vital role of the client’s participation in the nursing process. Orlando formulated this theory to enable nurses to develop more effective nursing care plans that consider unexpected problems and complexities that may arise during care delivery. The theory stresses mutualism in the nurse-patient relationship (Alligood, 2022). Therefore, this paper will discuss this theory while paying attention to its significance, context, internal consistency, parsimony, testability, and application

Significance of the theory.

In today’s scene of healthcare delivery, there is a constant emphasis on the necessity to provide patient-centered care. There is a need to provide care cognizant of the patient’s preferences and expressed needs to establish a trusting relationship and enhance positive outcomes. Orlando’s theory offers new insight into patient-centered care. It proposes that the patient’s interpretation and perception of situations are subjective, and the nurse must acknowledge these factors before making conclusions. She stresses the need for a reciprocal nurse-patient relationship during the formulation of the nursing process for the healthcare system to function effectively.

The importance of this theory in nursing practice cannot be overstated. It has been widely integrated into the delivery of nursing care in hospitals since its inception. It has gained relevance in nursing education and research as it massively contributed to the nursing discipline’s knowledge base, thus facilitating the development of nursing students as logical thinkers (Chance et al., 2018). This has, in turn, helped novice nurses kickstart their careers. It also contributed to recognizing nursing as a distinct profession and discipline with an organized curriculum. She played a vital role in separating nursing from medicine, where she stated that nurses could independently act in developing nursing action rather than being ordered by the doctor. According to Prince-Clark (2019), this theory has also helped nurses realize better nursing outcomes, such as mitigating falls among the elderly.

Context of the theory development

Born in 1926, Orlando achieved a bachelor’s degree in public health nursing and Masters in mental health. Her career was spent working as a psychiatry professor at Yale University (Alligood, 2022). In addition, she worked as a clinical nurse, researcher, and consultant. Deliberative Nursing Process theory came into existence when Orlando uncovered that nursing must deal with critical areas such as nurse-client relationships, the function and uniqueness of a nurse, and the expansion of the nursing knowledge base. The external forces during that period entailed nurses’ quest to differentiate nursing and other professions, and psychiatry nurses were also figuring out their position among nurses of other subspecialties. Professional nursing did not have a clear role. Additionally, a clear definition of nursing did not exist; hence Orland made it her goal to assist in defining nursing and make it distinct from other professions.

Internal consistency of the theory

The theory has been clearly stated, and its concepts have been explicitly stated. It focuses on allowing nurses to formulate functional nursing care plans that are well receptive to the dynamics of care delivery. However, Orlando did not sufficiently link the four concepts of nursing that include person, health, environment, and nursing care (Alligood, 2022). She only included three concepts in her theory: human being, health, and nursing. Most of the terms and definitions were consistent throughout the theory despite failing to operationalize the environment as a nursing concept. In addition, the sub-concepts such as the presenting complaints, the role of professional nursing, the nursing process and the nurse reaction are beautifully illustrated and linked.

The parsimony of the theory

This theory is parsimonious as it is utilized the most basic concepts and variables with the greatest explanatory authority. The theorist has made it clear and concise that clients should be managed holistically. She also used the phases of the nursing process, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Only the assumptions validated by her research were included in the theoretical construct. Therefore, it is clear that the theorist opted for simplicity over complexity in explaining the major theme in her work. For example, developing a unique nurse-patient relationship is not complicated.

Testability of the theory

The theory meets the testability of a middle-range theory. Orlando’s theory can be empirically evaluated using different tools such as surveys and questionnaires. These tools enable the analysis of concepts such as patient outcomes and nurse expressed empathy through qualitative or quantitative designs. For instance, such concepts can be explored using descriptive correlational designs to evaluate an already formulated hypothesis. Participants, usually nurses and patients, are recruited and tasked to complete predetermined data collection tools such as the Safety Agreement tool designed in Likert style format. The scores may be then analyzed utilizing multiple regression to evaluate for statistical significance against the preconceived hypothesis.

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Pragmatic adequacy of the theory

This theory is practical to nursing practice today due to its client-focused approach. It has been practically applied in broader aspects such as nursing education and practice. The nursing process is widely used to plan interventions at the patient care level. Nurses explore and validate their perceptions and thoughts with the patient. Moreover, nurses utilize Orlando’s theory to determine and address the patient’s immediate needs and promote positive outcomes.

Conclusion

Orlando’s theory concentrates on the mutual relationship between the client and the nurse. This theory has increasingly received support and accreditation since its inception. The concepts in this theory are consistent and linked. It has portrayed simplicity by using the five steps of the nursing process that are linear and popular. Moreover, this theory can be empirically evaluated using several study designs. Finally, this theory has made a significant contribution to nursing practice, education, and research.

Theoretical Critique Assignment and Significance of the theory

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