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Organizational Change and Leadership Processes Summary
Organizational Change and Leadership Processes Summary
Read: Chapter 10 “Organizational Change and Leadership Processes”; Answer Discussion Questions 2 and 3 (p. 192-193); Also read: McDaniel & Malone (2015) and Wheatley (2015). Write a 1-page summary of ONE article.
Attached Organization communication chapters (Miller,2015).
McDaniel & Malone (2015)
Wheatley (2015)
Boulder Mass Communication Discussion
Read the article then answer both questions below. One page of each section
Discussion Section One:
Media effect: Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication
Mass media play an important role in society, and it is essential to understand the psychosocial mechanisms by which symbolic communication influences human thoughts, effects, and actions. The social cognitive theory analyzes the psychosocial mechanisms through which symbolic communication influences human thought, affect, and action. It identifies two pathways for behavior change: the direct and socially mediated pathways.
Symbolize capability: it emphasizes that symbolization is a powerful tool for understanding the environment. Most external influences affect behavior through cognitive processes rather than directly because people give meaning, form, and continuity to their experience through symbols.
Self-regulatory capability: People are self-reactors with a capacity for self-direction. Most self-regulation theories are founded on a negative feedback system that people reduce disparities that they thought. People motivate and guide their actions through resources, skills, and effort to fulfill. After that, people would execute a higher goal and pursue it.
Self-reflective capability: People generate ideas, act on them or predict occurrences from them through self-reflective means. The core thing is that people believe they have the ability to exercise control over their level of functioning and the events that affect them. However, humans work and live together to ensure that one cannot accomplish things entirely by itself. The higher the group’s opinion of a person, the greater the staying power in the face of obstacles, the greater the resilience to adversity, and the higher the individual’s performance.
The mechanism governing observational learning: observational learning is governed by the attentional, retention, production, and motivation processes.
Attentional processes: If a person is to learn anything from a model, he or she must pay attention to it and the behavior it exhibits. Many conditions can influence the attention of an observer.
Retention process: The second requirement for observational learning is remembering the behavior being witnessed. If the person or animal does not remember the behavior, then they are less likely to imitate it.
Production process: The necessary conditions for this behavior involve the individual’s physical and mental ability to replicate the behavior he or she observes.
Motivation process: If there is no reason for humans or animals to imitate behavior, no amount of attention, retention, or copying can overcome the lack of motivation.
Abstract modeling: A way of learning skills and behaviors through the indirect observation of others
Motivational effects: Observing the behavior of others can generate expectations of outcomes as positive or negative incentives. For example, the media could be used to mobilize public support for policy actions favoring either social control or social change. The media can be used to legitimize and gain support for one’s values and causes and to discredit those of one’s opponents.
Acquisition and Modification of Affective Dispositions: People are easily aroused by the emotional expressions of others. Seeing others’ emotional reactions to inciting conditions activates the observer’s emotionally evocative thoughts and imagery.
Question1: People learn by observing others. Environment, behavior, and cognition are the main factors influencing development, and there is a reciprocal relationship between the three. Do you have examples of behavior change in your daily life related to social cognitive theory?
Question 2: Modeling influences exert their effects partly by altering viewers’ beliefs in their personal efficacy to exercise control over events that affect their lives. The stronger the instilled perceived coping efficacy, the bolder the behavior. Modeling Theory can teach good, acceptable behaviors as well as delinquent behaviors. For example, The act of stealing, if a person treats him as if it were an act against his behavior, he will keep doing it. However, staying in prison will stop some people from stealing because it can no longer evoke reinforcement. Could you give an example that Modeling Theory has been associated with multiple benefits to daily life or inverse?
Reference:
Bandura, A. (2001). Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. Media Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0303_03
Read week 5 readings answer discussion question below
Discussion Section Two:
Suppose someone in the organization were to learn of your concern about the moral problem that you have identified and threaten to tell your co-workers that you are a snitch. Develop a script that tries to persuade the accuser to back down and share it in your discussion post. Limit your post to 200 words.
