Order Number |
636738393092 |
Type of Project |
ESSAY |
Writer Level |
PHD VERIFIED |
Format |
APA |
Academic Sources |
10 |
Page Count |
3-12 PAGES |
Chapter 6 Audio Lecture
Chapter 6 Audio LectureThis is a brief audio lecture that discusses Chapter 6
Psychotropic Medications
Psychotropic MedicationsThis website from NIMH lists different medications to treat psychological conditions as well as their side effects.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
This website has lots of information about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Editor’s note: This story first ran on Jan. 16, 2015, as part of NPR’s Invisibilia podcast. It’s about a man who decided he no longer wanted to be ruled by fear. Without realizing it, he used a standard tool of psychotherapy to help him stop dreading rejection. And if you’ve been dreading a future without Invisibilia, fear not — we’re hard at work on Season Two! We can’t reveal what we’re working on right now, but rest assured that this season won’t include any snakes. Just a lion. The evolution of Jason Comely, a freelance IT guy from Cambridge, Ontario, began one sad night several years ago. “That Friday evening that I was in my one-bedroom apartment trying to be busy,” Comely says. “But really, I knew that I was avoiding things. “See, nine months earlier, Jason’s wife had left him. “She … found someone that was taller than I was — had more money than I had. … So, yeah. “And since then, Jason had really withdrawn from life. He didn’t go out, and he avoided talking to people, especially women. But that Friday, he realized that this approach was taking a toll. “I had nowhere to go, and no one to hang out with,” Comely says. “And so I just broke down and started crying.” He realized that he was afraid. “I asked myself, afraid of what? “I thought, I’m afraid of rejection. “Which got him thinking about the Spetsnaz, an elite Russian military unit with a really intense training regime. “You know, I heard of one situation where they were, like, locked in a room, a windowless room, with a very angry dog, and they’d only be armed with a spade, and only one person is going to get out — the dog or the Spetsnaz. “And that gave him an idea. Maybe he could somehow use the rigorous approach of the Spetsnaz against his fear. So if you’re a freelance IT guy, living in a one-bedroom apartment in Cambridge, Ontario, what is the modern equivalent of being trapped in a windowless room with a rabid dog and nothing to protect you but a single handheld spade? “I had to get rejected at least once every single day by someone.” Enlarge this image Cards from the Rejection Therapy game. Courtesy of Jason Comely He started in the parking lot of his local grocery store. Went up to a total stranger and asked for a ride across town. Sponsor Message “And he looked at me, like, and just said, ‘I’m not going that way, buddy.’ And I was like, ‘Thank you!’ “It was like, ‘Got it! I got my rejection.’ “Jason had totally inverted the rules of life. He took rejection and made it something he wanted — so he would feel good when he got it. “And it was sort of like walking on my hands or living on my hands or living underwater or something. It was just a different reality. The rules of life had changed. “Without knowing it, Jason had used a standard tool of psychotherapy called exposure therapy. You force yourself to be exposed to exactly the thing you fear, and eventually you recognize that the thing you fear isn’t hurting you. You become desensitized. It’s used in treating phobias like fear of flying. Jason kept on seeking out rejection. And as he did, he found that people were actually more receptive to him, and he was more receptive to people, too. “I was able to approach people, because what are you gonna do, reject me? Great! “That was when Jason got another idea. He wrote down all of his real-life rejection attempts, things like, “Ask for a ride from stranger, even if you don’t need one.” “Before purchasing something, ask for a discount.” “Ask a stranger for a breath mint.” Cards from the Rejection Therapy game. Courtesy of Jason Comely He had them printed on a deck of cards and started selling them online. Slowly, the Rejection Therapy game became kind of a small cult phenomenon, with people playing all over the world. Jason has heard from a teacher in Colorado, a massage therapist in Budapest, a computer programmer in Japan, even a widowed Russian grandmother. She’s using rejection therapy to pick up men. “That’s really cool — so, there’s an 80-year-old babushka playing Rejection Therapy,” he says. So what has Jason learned from all this That most fears aren’t real in the way you think they are. They’re just a story you tell yourself, and you can choose to stop repeating it. Choose to stop listening. “Don’t even bother trying to be cool,” Jason says. “Just get out there and get rejected, and sometimes it’s going to get dirty. But that’s OK, ’cause you’re going to feel great after, you’re going to feel like, ‘Wow. I disobeyed fear.’ ”
Chapter 2 Audio Lecture
Chapter 2 Audio Lecture
Neuroscience for Kids
Neuroscience for Kids
Biopsychosocial model
Biopsychosocial model
Causes of Abnormal Behavior2Overview•The cause or etiology of most abnormal behavior remains a mystery. •A set of shared theoretical substance and common beliefs is known as a paradigm. Overview •Psychologists use various paradigms to explain the etiology of psychology disorders. •Most psychologists now recognize that abnormal behavior is caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors (Kendler & Prescott, 2006; Rutter & Rutter, 1993). Psychological Factors •Emotions •Researchers have used statistical analysis to reduce our lexicon of feelings to six basic emotions (National Advisory Mental Health Council, 1991): •Sadness •Surprise •Fear Psychological Factors •Learning and Cognition •Modeling: Albert Bandura •Learning through imitation •Cognitive psychologists often draw analogies between human thinking and computers. •Attributions •Perceived causes or people’s beliefs about cause-effect relations Psychological Factors •The Sense of Self •Erik Erikson (1968)•Identifies an integrated sense of self. •Other theorists •We do not have one identity, but multiple related selves. Psychological Factors •The Sense of Self •Self-control •Learned through the process of socialization •Externalized rules become internalized •Self-esteem• Valuing one’s abilities Psychological Factors •The Sense of Self •Represented in the brain •May reside in frontal lobe •Degeneration of the frontal lobe has caused patients to lose self-reflection and self-control. Psychological Factors •Stages of Development •Development continues throughout lifespan.• Developmental transitions mark end of one and beginning of another stage. Social Factors• Close Relationships• Marital Status and Psychopathology •Factors are clearly correlated. •Does marital status cause the problems?•What is the role of genes?•Gene–environment correlation Social Factors• Close Relationships• Social Relationships• Social support• The emotional and practical assistance received from others Social Factors• Gender and Gender Roles• Gender roles may influence the development, expression, or consequences of psychopathology. Social Factors• Prejudice, Poverty, and Society• Prejudice and poverty increase the risk for psychological disorders (Cox et al, 2012).•Poverty increases exposure to stressors (Richters, 1993) and chemical toxins (Evans, 2004).•Societal practices, beliefs, and values help shape the definition of abnormal behavior.
chapter 6 power point and the previous was chapter 2 power point please hurry up. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Symptoms of OCD• Compulsions• Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are used to reduce anxiety• Are senseless or irrational• Person attempts to resist performing the compulsion, but cannot.• Compulsions reduce anxiety, but do not produce pleasure. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Diagnosis of OCD and Related Disorders•DSM-5 defines OCD• Presence of either obsessions or compulsions• Most people exhibit both of these symptoms.• Thoughts must NOT be simply excessive worries about real problems. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Diagnosis of OCD and Related Disorders• Rituals become compulsive, cause marked distress• Interfere with normal occupational/social functioning• See table 6.1.Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Diagnosis of OCD and Related Disorders• Hoarding disorder• A new addition to DSM-5•Unrelenting trouble associated with getting rid of personal belongings• Person must feel a strong need to save these possessions. •Is extremely disruptive to person’s life Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Diagnosis of OCD and Related Disorders• Trichotillomania• Recurrent hair-pulling• Experience serious hair loss• Excoriation disorder• Repeated skin picking• Produces skin lesions• Behaviors are unsuccessfully resisted. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Course and Outcome of OCD•OCD is a chronic disorder for many. •Hoarding seems to be a long-term, chronic condition. •Skin-picking and trichotillomania are also chronic problems. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Causes of OCD• Maladaptive consequences of attempts to suppress unwanted/threatening thoughts• A rebound may occur in this thought suppression. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Causes of OCD• Biological• Multiple brain regions associated with OCD• Basal ganglia• Orbital prefrontal cortex• Anterior cingulate cortex Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders• Treatment of OCD•A variety of psychological and biological forms of treatment effective for treating OCD• Exposure and Response Prevention• Prolonged exposure to the situation that increases the person’s anxiety Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Treatment of OCD• Biological Treatments• Medication• SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressant• Relapse is common if medication is discontinued.