Order Number |
0005764535 |
Type of Project |
ESSAY |
Writer Level |
PHD VERIFIED |
Format |
APA |
Academic Sources |
10 |
Page Count |
3-12 PAGES |
Week 1 Discussion: Is it Right to be a Relativist?
Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Initial Post Instructions The study of ethics and philosophy is one that brings many different kinds of “thinkers” together. One person’s philosophy on ethics is another person’s philosophy on evil. We will be working this term on constructing personal ethical bases and understanding how ethical codes (both personal and professional) are created and followed.
To start us thinking about the different areas of philosophy and ethics, and how we fit into the different molds or world views, let’s imagine the following scenario:
It is 2019. The federal law banning female circumcision is still under appeal in the courts. You are a nurse assisting a plastic surgeon at a local hospital. The plastic surgeon comes from a country where they practice “female circumcision”. This practice is also sometimes called “female genital mutilation”.
CAROL CHRISTIANSEN And so having learned about genital mutilation female circumcision, what I understood was a whole other layer of this issue that says our bodies are not okay as they are, as they are formed in divine image or as we come out of our mother’s body, there is something wrong with us.
00:01:10SORAYA MIRE My name is Soraya. I knew what he was doing to me. He had given me a local anesthetic to numb the area, but it didn’t help. I will always hear the scissors cutting the flesh between my legs. The pain was horrendous. I struggled to get away, but I was held down by three people including my mother. I was 13 years old and was undergoing a rite of passage of my native Somalia called female circumcision. I never will forget how it felt. This is what I live with, and I wish to prevent this pain from happening.
00:02:00CAROL CHRISTIANSEN Fire Eyes are the wounded souls communicating their pain and anguish to the world through their eyes. This is a call for healing and understanding that will make a way to end this harmful practice that has affected more than 80 million women in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Female circumcision is thought to have originated in ancient Egypt and was practiced in the pre-Islamic era. Many explanations have been offered as to why this practice continued through the ages. Infibulation, the most severe form of circumcision, was designed to protect women from rape, thereby ensuring the purity of family bloodlines. Little has changed through the centuries, however, a circumcision still functions primarily as a means of controlling women sexuality. The practice of female genital mutilation touches the lives of women around the world. Today in its various forms, it is estimated to be practiced in 40 countries spanning the globe from southeast Asia to Africa.
00:03:15What are you thinking?
00:03:15Mother, is it painful?
00:03:15No, it’s not painful. It’s something that happens to all girls at your age. It’s shameful if you’re not circumcised. Do you really not want to be circumcised and have your clitoris dangle between your legs?
00:03:35CAROL CHRISTIANSEN Female circumcision, which is known in the west as female genital mutilation comprises some of the most harmful ritual surgery practiced in Africa today. More than 80 million women and female children have been mutilated in the process of having parts of their genitals removed. In Africa, a woman’s honor depends upon this artificial form of chastity.
00:04:05I would try to focus at this time on female circumcision. Though in the African situation, both procedures are performed, um… from a dual standpoint and that circumcision or genital excision is basically part of the… or was part of the traditional initiation process and is part of the traditional initiation process, both males and females are involved in the traditional initiation process.
Therefore, the procedure in males was what we know as a circumcision where the foreskin or that area that’s skin that hides the head of the man’s penis was excised. And in females, about four different main types of procedures were performed. The simplest procedure involved an incision of the area over the clitoris. The second type of procedure involves excision of the clitoris together with the hood. The third type of procedure may involve excision of the clitoris with the hood, plus the… what we call the large lips or the labia or the vulva, a portion of the vulva. And the fourth type of procedure, which has the term of pharaonic type of circumcision and in this procedure what’s basically done is that the large lips or the vulva of the woman is excised and together with that, there is a procedure called infibulation, and infibulation involves sewing those borders that remain so that the area of the woman’s genital is completely closed and there is only a very small opening which remains from which urine passes and menstrual flow will pass.
00:06:05CAROL CHRISTIANSEN The surgery is performed on girls ranging in ages from infancy to 18 years. It is often performed by a midwife who works for pay under poor hygienic condition.