Biology Genetics and Relating Science to Society

December 9, 2022

Biology Genetics and Relating Science to Society

Order Number	636738393092
Type of Project	ESSAY
Writer Level	PHD VERIFIED
Format	APA
Academic Sources	10
Page Count	3-12 PAGES

Instructions/Descriptions

Biology Genetics and Relating Science to Society

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Pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) is a genetic test performed on an embryo before it is implanted (with the help of Invitro fertilization) in a mother’s uterus. The test looks for aneuploidies (too many or too few chromosomes).

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is done in a similar manner to PGS but it looks for single gene genetic disorders in the embryo (that it inherited from its parents). If an embryo is found to have a genetic abnormality, it will not be selected to be implanted into the uterus; a chromosomally normal embryo will be chosen instead.

Your task is to do very good research on the pros and cons of preimplantation genetic screening, with emphasis on how PGS will affect society (not the parents/child themselves). For example, if a couple can be prevented from having a child with cystic fibrosis (estimated that one in every 3,600 children born in Canada has CF) that saves our healthcare system approximately US $306,332 spent on health care costs for the patient’s lifetime (Kees van Gool, March 2013).

What are the societal negatives of offering embryo screening to a couple? For example, a much older couple might then use PGS/IVF to conceive, delaying the age a woman conceives at; this older maternal age comes with increased risks to the mother, with increased risk of conditions like preeclampsia (9.4% in women over 35 compared to 6.4% in women under 35 (Lamminpää, R, June 11, 2012)

o You can use point form notes. You should have 3 points for the pros, and 3 for the cons.

o Ensure that all of your points are in your own writing. Never copy and paste research into your own google doc; this increases the likelihood of inadvertently plagiarising. Instead, read the research and then paraphrase it using your own words. Revisit the plagiarism resources that are posted in our resource section if you need a refresher on what constitutes plagiarism.

o Anytime you include information that you learnt elsewhere in your writing, make sure to add an intext citation. This usually is the author’s last name and year of publication in brackets such as: (Jones, 2020)

o Track your sources in a reference page. You can use your school noodle tool account or any citation page to help you create a proper reference page that is in APA formatting. Citation machine is quite good. You should have a minimum of 5 sources.

o Run your work through the originality report in google classroom before submitting. See the Originality Report information in our “Resources” tab.

o Keep in mind that you must support EVERY statement with FACTS and STATISTICS and AVOID EMOTIONS.

o Our focus here is on the social implications of genetic screening, and not on why this benefits the conceiving couple. For every point, stop and ask yourself this question: “Does this point show that society has somehow benefited or has been harmed?”

o DO NOT DO THE FOLLOWING: ▪ Discuss the ethics of destroying embryos. This is a whole separate argument that will

not be covered in this assignment ▪ Discuss the chance of miscarriage when performing PGS. This is because although

there is a very slight chance, without the use of PGS, some couples would have no chance of conceiving.

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▪ Discuss that it is only 97% effective as PGS is still the best option for many infertile couple.

▪ Discuss designer babies, as this is something that is currently not a societal issue. ▪ Discuss sex selection as a way to balance family dynamics (same number of males and females) or any other argument that is more of a personal reason versus a societal reason.

Biology Genetics and Relating Science to Society

RUBRIC

Excellent Quality

95-100%

Introduction

45-41 points

The context and relevance of the issue, as well as a clear description of the study aim, are presented. The history of searches is discussed.

Literature Support

91-84 points

The context and relevance of the issue, as well as a clear description of the study aim, are presented. The history of searches is discussed.

Methodology

58-53 points

With titles for each slide as well as bulleted sections to group relevant information as required, the content is well-organized. Excellent use of typeface, color, images, effects, and so on to improve readability and presenting content. The minimum length criterion of 10 slides/pages is reached.

Average Score

50-85%

40-38 points

More depth/information is required for the context and importance, otherwise the study detail will be unclear. There is no search history information supplied.

83-76 points

There is a review of important theoretical literature, however there is limited integration of research into problem-related ideas. The review is just partly focused and arranged. There is research that both supports and opposes. A summary of the material given is provided. The conclusion may or may not include a biblical integration.

52-49 points

The content is somewhat ordered, but there is no discernible organization. The use of typeface, color, graphics, effects, and so on may sometimes distract from the presenting substance. It is possible that the length criteria will not be reached.

Poor Quality

0-45%

37-1 points

The context and/or importance are lacking. There is no search history information supplied.

75-1 points

There has been an examination of relevant theoretical literature, but still no research concerning problem-related concepts has been synthesized. The review is just somewhat focused and organized. The provided overview of content does not include any supporting or opposing research. The conclusion has no scriptural references.

48-1 points

There is no logical or apparent organizational structure. There is no discernible logical sequence. The use of typeface, color, graphics, effects, and so on often detracts from the presenting substance. It is possible that the length criteria will not be reached.