Availability and costs of unhealthy fast foods

Availability and costs of unhealthy fast foods

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Availability and costs of unhealthy fast foods

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DEP2100 Exam 3 (25 points)

1. This area of the brain begins to develop in early childhood and is the last to fully develop. It is responsible for a child’s judgment and the ability to regulate their emotions (inhibition).
2. hippocampus
3. amygdala
4. prefrontal cortex
5. temporal lobe
6. Which of the following is a likely cause of rising obesity rates in the U.S.?
7. Barriers to physical activity, including transportation, expenses, and time restraints
8. Availability and costs of unhealthy fast foods

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1. Growing interests in sedentary lifestyles
2. All of the above
3. The development of specific skills in which new synapses form to code the experience are called:
4. experience-expectant
5. experience-dependent
6. myelination
7. synaptic pruning
8. Which of the following skills would NOT be considered experience-expectant?
9. language acquisition
10. walking
11. jumping
12. playing an instrument
13. Early scientists, such as Sigmund Freud, believed that infants are unable to remember anything before the age of 3 years, but newer research suggests that children of all ages remember just what they need to remember. This notion is referred to as:
14. depth perception
15. object permanence
16. self-awareness
17. infantile amnesia

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1. In childhood, boys are generally better at motor skills in comparison to girls.
2. fine
3. gross
4. intricate
5. finite
6. Which of the following is a common cause of death in early childhood?
7. Drowning
8. SIDS
9. Cancer
10. All of the above
11. Which of the following is a warning sign that a child may be being abused?
12. Extreme behavior
13. Fear of adults or care providers
14. Nightmares
15. All of the above
16. According to Piaget, this developmental stage is characterized as a time of symbolic function, thinking beyond the present into the future, and developing language at a very rapid rate.
17. Sensorimotor Stage
18. Preoperational Stage
19. Concrete Operations
20. Formal Operations
21. You have two balls of clay that are of equal size. You give one to Jeff and roll the other into a hotdog shape. Jeff cries, “That’s not fair, you have more than me!” What stage of Piaget’s developmental thinking is Jeff demonstrating?
22. preoperational
23. transitional
24. concrete operational
25. formal operational
26. The Piagetian characteristic of preoperational thought whereby a young child focuses on one idea, excluding all others is called:
27. assimilation
28. accommodation
29. animism
30. centration
31. When Mrs. Lopez asked her 4-year-old classroom, “Who can lift this table?” all the preschoolers raised their hands with excitement. This is because:
32. preschool children have an exaggerated sense of self-confidence due to inexperience with failure
33. preschool children tend to over-estimate their abilities
34. of egocentrism
35. All of the above
36. Giulianna (3-years-old) started to cry while watching her parents’ wedding video because she wanted to know why she was not invited. Her parents tried to explain to her that she was not born yet, but she had difficulty understanding this concept. This is due to:
37. conservation
38. static reasoning
39. irreversibility
40. animism
41. Which of the following is an example of limited understanding of conservation of volume during the preoperational period of development?
42. Two equal glasses of lemonade are poured into two separate cylinders, one is wider and the other taller. To a preoperational child, the taller glass has more lemonade.
43. There are two equal rows of 10 candies. One row is separated to appear longer. The preoperational child believes that the longer row has more candy.
44. A three-year-old is asked, “Which is worth more: a penny or a dime?” She answers, “A penny because it is bigger.”
45. All of the above.
46. A two-year-old bangs his knee against the table and says to the table, “Hey, say you’re sorry!” This is an example of:
47. conservation
48. static reasoning
49. irreversibility
50. animism
51. Preschoolers’ memories are often highly inaccurate because:
52. They are partly determined by how soon after the event the memories are assessed.
53. They may be influenced by leading questions.
54. They may be affected by cultural factors.
55. All of the above.
56. The information currently active in your memory system and currently available for use in a mental task is called:
57. working memory
58. short-term memory
59. long-term memory
60. speed of processing
61. Preschoolers are inherently bad at lying because they:
62. are afraid of getting in trouble.
63. want to be nice all the time.
64. lack theory of mind.
65. have incredible empathy.
66. Andy associates the color blue with whales, police cars, the sky, and the ocean. When he thinks of the color blue, all these topics come to mind, further leading him to think about other things such as fish, fire trucks, clouds, or even boats. This interconnected manner of mapping out concepts is known as:
67. metalinguistic awareness
68. fluid intelligence
69. speed of processing
70. a network model/ fast-mapping
71. According to Piaget, what do preschoolers and adolescents share in common?
72. Similar friendship styles
73. Egocentrism
74. Concrete reasoning
75. Low self-esteem
76. is the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth through a step by step learning process of apprenticeship.
77. Egocentrism
78. Conservation
79. Scaffolding
80. Centration
81. This term explains the level at which a child can learn material that is not too easy nor too difficult, but challenging enough to foster cognitive growth.
82. scaffolding
83. zone of proximal development
84. transformation
85. centration
86. According to Lev Vygotsky, which of the following may be a cultural tool of intellectual development?
87. The particular alphabet of a language
88. The metric system
89. The Chinese Base-10 numerical system
90. All of the above
91. Children with autism reliably fail to answer the False Belief Task correctly. This is because they tend to lack what skill?
92. Joint attention
93. Eye-contact
94. Theory of mind
95. Object permanence
96. Children in early education programs, on average, tend to:
97. be less polite, compliant, respectful of adults, and sometimes more competitive and aggressive
98. show memory and comprehension advantages
99. be more self-confident, independent, and knowledgeable
100. All of the above
101. Which of the following is a predictor of long-term academic success is:
102. emotional intelligence
103. SES
104. reading comprehension
105. All of the above
106. When a preschooler says, “Mommy, my feets hurt,” this is an example of:
107. metalinguistic awareness
108. phonological memory
109. intellectual impairment
110. overregularization
111. The loss of fluency in a child’s heritage language due to the acquisition of a second language is called:
112. Passive bilingualism
113. Subtractive bilingualism
114. Sequential bilingualism
115. Simultaneous bilingualism
116. The ability to control our own thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and change them to meet the demands of the situation is known as:
117. comorbidity
118. self-regulation
119. convention
120. neuroplasticity
121. During the preschool years, the notion that boys prefer to play with other boys, and girls with other girls, is called:
122. gender stability
123. gender permanence
124. gender segregation
125. sexual orientation
126. Mr. Rodriguez wanted to test if his preschool students had _____ , so he wore a pink dress and a wig to class to determine if the students could accurately depict his gender.
127. gender identity
128. gender permanence/constancy
129. gender segregation
130. self-awareness
131. Being able to appropriately identify oneself as a “boy” or a “girl” is called:
132. gender identity
133. gender permanence/constancy
134. gender segregation
135. self-awareness
136. During this psychosocial stage of preschool development, children are capable of acting independently of their parents and, as a result, take it upon themselves to perform their own tasks; otherwise, they feel badly of unintended consequences resulting in their not wanting to perform the action.
137. Trust vs. Mistrust
138. Initiative vs. Guilt
139. Industry vs. Inferiority
140. Identity vs. Identity-Confusion
141. During Kohlberg’s level of moral reasoning, children follow unvarying rules based on rewards and punishments.
142. preconventional
143. conventional
144. postconventional
145. psychosocial
146. parents are firm in their rules, yet loving and emotionally supportive;

while parents are overly controlling and strict, valuing obedience above other things.

1. Authoritarian; authoritative
2. Authoritative; authoritarian
3. Permissive; uninvolved
4. Uninvolved; permissive
5. Which parenting style is most often associated with the highest levels of criminal activity in the adolescent and early adulthood years?
6. Authoritative parenting
7. Permissive-indulgent parenting
8. Permissive-neglectful/uninvolved parenting
9. Authoritarian parenting
10. Children of authoritarian parents often show attachment relationships with their primary caregivers and, as a result, try to move out of their houses as quickly as possible.
11. secure
12. anxious-ambivalent
13. avoidant
14. disorganized
15. Justin and Laura’s daughter has a curfew of 8 P.M. She gets home an hour late one evening, and they forgive her when she says that she lost track of time while studying. But they remind her that they trust her to be mature and follow their guidelines. They have a(n) _ ____ style of parenting.
16. authoritarian
17. permissive-neglectful/uninvolved
18. permissive-indulgent
19. authoritative
20. Neglectful/uninvolved parents and sometimes even authoritarian parents tend to produce which type of attachment formations with their children?
21. Secure
22. Anxious/ambivalent
23. Avoidant
24. Disorganized
25. Which childhood activity is beneficial for developing cognitive skills, practicing motor skills, facilitating problem solving, and teaching cooperation?
26. Imitation
27. Onlooker play
28. Constructive play
29. Homework
30. In early childhood, the type of play that involves pretending, acting, and taking on the role of a specific character is referred to as:
31. parallel play
32. constructive play
33. sociodramatic play
34. onlooker play
35. In play, children engage with one another, take turns, play games, and devise contests.
36. onlooker play
37. parallel play
38. constructive play
39. cooperative play
40. Males tend to engage in more play, whereas females tend to engage in more play.
41. pretend; aggressive
42. rough and tumble; organized games and pretend
43. role; parallel
44. organized games and pretend; rough and tumble
45. The realization that miscommunication may due to factors attributable not only to yourself, but to the person communicating with you is one aspect of:
46. prosocial behavior
47. emotional self-regulation
48. ADHD
49. metalinguistic awareness
50. Johnny has a tendency to jump into a task before hearing all the instructions, along with persistent difficulty following instructions and organizing work. He has difficulty waiting or remaining seated, and usually fidgets and squirms around in his chair at school. It is very probable that Johnny may be exhibiting signs of:
51. depression
52. ADHD – inattentive type
53. ADHD – hyperactive type
54. intellectual impairment
55. Which of the following could be a potential cause of the rise in ADHD among American children?
56. Over-diagnosis and misdiagnosis
57. Poor nutrition during prenatal and infant development
58. Stronger demands for sedentary life styles (e.g., sitting still) at younger ages
59. All of the above
60. At the age of two months, Sabrina’s parents noticed that she was not making proper eye contact or tracking objects. Sabrina did not start talking until the age of four years and showed severe impairments in social and emotional functioning. She had an obsession with her routine, sensitivity to sound, and often showed repetitive behaviors like opening and closing doors. It is possible that Sabrina may have:
61. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
62. Autism spectrum disorder
63. Depression
64. Down’s syndrome
65. In order to help Sabrina, her parents may consider placing her in:
66. speech therapy
67. occupational therapy
68. physical therapy
69. All of the above
70. Children with autism tend to engage most in which type of play?
71. parallel play
72. constructive play
73. sociodramatic play
74. onlooker play
75. During early childhood, children’s is typically very high, but begins to diminish slowly into middle childhood and adolescence when children begin to compare themselves heavily with their peers and experience failure.
76. self-esteem
77. literacy
78. self-awareness
79. intelligence

Availability and costs of unhealthy fast foods

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