Analysis of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination

December 16, 2022

Analysis of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination

Order Number	636738393092
Type of Project	ESSAY
Writer Level	PHD VERIFIED
Format	APA
Academic Sources	10
Page Count	3-12 PAGES

Instructions/Descriptions

Analysis of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination

Analysis, Forensic, Accounting, Fraud, Examination

Read Chapters 9, 10, and 11 in Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination.

4-1

Discuss the difference between direct evidence and circumstantial evidence and provide an example of each type of evidence. Which type of evidence is more persuasive in a court of law? In response to your classmates, compare the examples and value of the evidence discussed in your post to your classmate’s post. Is one type of evidence easier to obtain versus the other?

C H E C K L I S T

%/ Evaluate the nature of the allegation. The need for legal advice usually means that attorneys will be in volved. In some investigations, the attorney may lead while accountants offer support. But if the CPA has a good relationship with a client or the client’s attorney, the CPA may run the investigation with counsel. The struc ture of the investigation and the in terview plans can be co-developed with the client and the attorney.

Prepare for the interview. Some in terviews are one-shot opportunities, so accountants must be well-pre pared. They need to ensure that rele vant documents—electronic and physical—are secure. Interviews with people closest to the suspected cul prit should be conducted near the end of the investigation so more in formation can be gathered in ad vance. Because the process of gathering that information could tip off a suspected wrongdoer, it may be necessary to interview a subject be fore all the information is collected.

/ Understand how to build a line of questioning. Initial interview ques tions are general background ques tions that are easy for interviewees to

Tips for Conducting a Forensic Interview A properly conducted forensic interview turns a potentially reluctant subject into an information-providing source. W hether the purpose of the interview is to gather back ground information or probe into an alleged fraudsters con duct, the interviewers role is to develop a full understanding of the facts. Here are suggestions from forensic experts on how to conduct a successful interview:

answer. For example, ask, “Do you know why you’re here?” This helps the interviewer establish a baseline. As questions become more focused, the interviewer should observe whether the subject’s behavior changes. Deviations from the baseline could signal deception. If the inter viewer thinks the subject is being de ceptive, he or she needs to figure out what triggered it. This will give an idea of what questions to ask next. Interviewers must be cautious, how ever, to avoid tipping off the subject to information they know.

s / Assess the interviewee’s verbal responses and visual cues. Forensic interviews usually include two inter viewers: One person asks most of the questions, while the second takes notes. Interviewers need to listen to answers and assess if the person is providing truthful information, evad ing answers by adding information not asked for, delaying answers by re stating the question, or answering with another question. Interviewers should listen for rehearsed answers or information that is clearly false. In terviewers also need to formulate fol low-up questions. The interviewer asking questions should observe the

subject and watch for visual cues. The interviewee is sizing up the CPA as well. If the accountant is stressed or unprepared, it shows.

* / Take a holistic approach to inter preting observations. Interviewers should examine the whole picture, including evidence, documents, and statements. Being aware of cues can help interviewers maintain their skepticism and stay alert for decep tion. Visual cues can be helpful, but interviewers should try not to rely on them because some people are better at lying than the interviewers are at detecting lies. Some subjects do in tend to deceive. To counteract that, the interviewer must be ready to ask penetrating questions. Direct con frontation with an interviewee changes interview dynamics though, decreasing the likelihood of extract ing useful information.

Editor’s note: This checklist is adapted from “Tips for a Successful Forensic Inter view,” FVS News, Aug. 20, 2014, available at tin y u rl.c o m /p d g w 9 fc .

— By Frank Vinluan (frankvinluan@ gmail.com), a freelance writer based in Raleigh, N.C.

22 Journal of Accountancy February 2015 www.journalofaccountancy.com

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Analysis of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination

RUBRIC

Excellent Quality

95-100%

Introduction

45-41 points

The context and relevance of the issue, as well as a clear description of the study aim, are presented. The history of searches is discussed.

Literature Support

91-84 points

The context and relevance of the issue, as well as a clear description of the study aim, are presented. The history of searches is discussed.

Methodology

58-53 points

With titles for each slide as well as bulleted sections to group relevant information as required, the content is well-organized. Excellent use of typeface, color, images, effects, and so on to improve readability and presenting content. The minimum length criterion of 10 slides/pages is reached.

Average Score

50-85%

40-38 points

More depth/information is required for the context and importance, otherwise the study detail will be unclear. There is no search history information supplied.

83-76 points

There is a review of important theoretical literature, however there is limited integration of research into problem-related ideas. The review is just partly focused and arranged. There is research that both supports and opposes. A summary of the material given is provided. The conclusion may or may not include a biblical integration.

52-49 points

The content is somewhat ordered, but there is no discernible organization. The use of typeface, color, graphics, effects, and so on may sometimes distract from the presenting substance. It is possible that the length criteria will not be reached.

Poor Quality

0-45%

37-1 points

The context and/or importance are lacking. There is no search history information supplied.

75-1 points

There has been an examination of relevant theoretical literature, but still no research concerning problem-related concepts has been synthesized. The review is just somewhat focused and organized. The provided overview of content does not include any supporting or opposing research. The conclusion has no scriptural references.

48-1 points

There is no logical or apparent organizational structure. There is no discernible logical sequence. The use of typeface, color, graphics, effects, and so on often detracts from the presenting substance. It is possible that the length criteria will not be reached.