Adjusting to Labor-Saving Technologies Assignment

Adjusting to Labor-Saving Technologies Assignment

Instructions/Descriptions

Adjusting to Labor-Saving Technologies Assignment

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This assignment is based on the following article: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2017/02/15/three-reasons-for-universal-basic-income/ (Links to an external site.)

Your task is to identify the argument from the text below (not from the link, as we have pruned some content to make it more manageable), produce an argument diagram that shows the structure of sub-arguments and dependencies between premises, and finally to evaluate the diagram.

In your assignment, complete the following two tasks

Write the argument diagram, including only information that is part of the argument. You may NOT include any hidden information. Please use the statement numbers we provide below in your diagram. The argument is complex enough as it is, so let’s keep it simple. It might be helpful to put this argument into standard form, but we will not mark it. (6 points)

Evaluate the argument. Is this a good argument? Why or why not? (4 points)

Three reasons for universal basic income

(1) From Mongolia to Finland to India, we are seeing heightened interest in the idea of a universal basic income (UBI)—an unconditional cash grant given to every citizen, regardless of their employment status or wealth. (2) The idea is controversial, receiving criticism from many quarters including Future Development. (3)  I happen to be an advocate. (4) To sharpen the debate, it’s useful to distinguish three separate arguments for UBI.

(5) Efficient use of natural-resource rents. (6) If the oil revenues are transferred directly to citizens, with government having to tax them to finance public spending, at least two changes happen. (7) First, citizens will now know the magnitude of oil revenues. (8) Second, they have a greater incentive to monitor how their tax money is being spent. (9) Even without these changes, a simple transfer of 10 percent of oil revenues could effectively eliminate poverty in several oil-exporting countries.

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1. (10) Improving the welfare of the poor. (11) Replacing these subsidies with cash transfers would ensure at the very least that the poor are getting the intended monetary benefit. (12) But it could also be empowering. (13) Subsidizing food or fuel or water implies that the poor have to consume these commodities, even if the quality is very low, to receive the benefit. (14) By contrast, a cash transfer means that the poor person can choose how to spend the money. (15) If the quality is poor, they have alternatives. (16) Finally, thanks to technology, these cash transfers can be implemented at low cost.
2. (17) Adjusting to labor-saving technologies. (18) Advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, and other technologies have called into question the future of work. (19) The dilemma is that with these technologies productivity will increase but many people will lose their jobs (self-driving trucks are an example). (20) A system where part of the increase in productivity is taxed, and then distributed as cash transfers to all citizens, whether they are working or not, could help resolve some of the tension. (21) The programs being piloted or proposed in Finland, Switzerland, and New Zealand are essentially aimed in this direction. (22) They challenge the basic notion that you earn your income by working in a job. (23) We could envision a society where productivity is high enough that everyone receives a basic minimum income, and people choose to work on whatever they’re good at (including not working at all).

When three, separate arguments lead to the same conclusion, perhaps (24) universal basic income is an idea whose time has come.

Adjusting to Labor-Saving Technologies Assignment

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