BBC and New York Times Sociology Research

BBC and New York Times Sociology Research

Instructions/Descriptions

BBC and New York Times Sociology Research

Instructions

For the final paper, students will develop their proposals into a comparative analysis of regional/national media. For example, one might compare specific content (e.g. US’s Washington Post, Israel’s Haaretz coverage of Covid-19), media policies (Chinese vs. Saudi media regulations) or a genre (satire, romantic comedies, etc.) that operate in a transnational context.

Writers will use secondary and primary sources (see definitions in Addendum 1).

Secondary research from scholars will provide background information for the reader. Writers will make their own comparative analysis with primary research.

Primary sources for comparative analysis are often two types:

1. Institutional/organizational: e.g. major corporations, government agencies, advertising firms, and related revenue figures, government policy documents, media imports/export numbers, etc.
   2. Content analysis of media texts: e.g. themes in national advertising campaigns, film adaptations, the role of gender in two similar shows, how news organizations cover a topic, etc.

The paper should touch on both types of analysis, but the writer may choose which type (Institutional vs. content analysis) for the focus of the paper. You should aim to inform the reader on relevant media system context. A comparative paper on The Simpsons adaptation in Saudi Arabia, for example, would likely note the changes introduced to the show in light of the religious sensibilities of Arabic audiences.

Paper Organization and Structure

The paper will have roughly four main sections, though there is flexibility in how writers structure the paper. All page numbers suggestions are approximate and will shrink or grow as you focus on elements of your comparison.

1. Introduction (1-2 pgs.)

Introduce the media outlets/programs/content you will be comparing and which aspects you will be comparing. For example, you could compare similar news shows, reality TV, children’s programs, documentaries, etc. in two countries. Your “cases” should be comparable in as many ways as possible (similar genre, similar audience, similar medium) so that any differences you find can be linked to the regional media system in which they function. Justify the comparison in relation to globalization theories (what general questions does this case study comparison contribute to?).  Explain how you will investigate your question (what methods and primary sources will you be using?).

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2. Media organization/programming profiles (2-4 pgs.)

2a. Drawing on relevant course readings and additional secondary and primary sources, situate your media organizations in their national/regional context. For example, if you were comparing Al Jazeera and CNN, you would would be smart to provide some information on the contrasting free speech laws in Arab and western media systems. Focus your reader’s attention on the most important elements for your comparison.

2b. Provide specific background on the media organizations related to your topic (e.g. TV Globo, Gibli Studios, a particular telenovela or set of Bollywood films). Fruitful information for this section may include the following elements: historical background, ownership, funding, audience, and mission statement of an organization.

3. Content (text/image/format) analysis (2-4 pgs.)

3a. Draw a sample of at least 3 “texts” from each media outlet/program (6 texts total)

3b. Conduct a close reading of these texts to draw out similarities/differences of the “output” of the media outlets/programs/genre you are investigating.

3c. Support your interpretations with evidence (quoted passages, captured images, statistics – e.g., numbers of times in which certain themes, frames, characterizations, images appear in each sample).

4. Conclusion (1-2 pgs.)
   Summarize what you have learned from this study. Link your findings to globalization theories and concepts. Reflect on the research process: what worked well? What might you do differently next time? What kinds of future research might extend or qualify this study?

Provide a APA citation and bibliography listing all primary and secondary source
materials.

Addendum 1: definition of sources

Secondary sources may include (but are not limited to):
• articles in scholarly journals such as European Journal of Communication; Media, Culture & Society; Gazette; Press/Politics; New Media and Society, International Journal of Communication, International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, etc.;
• scholarly books written by academics or other experts about the organization, including biographies or organizational histories;
• journalism/media professional reviews such as Columbia Journalism Review, etc.;
• articles in major business newspapers, business magazines, or general newspapers with business sections (e.g., BusinessWeek, Bloomberg, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, New York Times business section, etc.) – but no matter how many of this type of article you use, they will only count as one secondary source, and you will have to use at least one additional secondary source from the first three categories.

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Primary sources may include (but are not limited to):
• Hoover’s company reports, Corporate annual reports, financial filings, etc.;
• Articles in relevant trade publications such as Ad Age, Editor & Publisher, Strategies (French), Variety, etc.;
• Reports of the World Association of Newspapers, Harvard’s Nieman Lab, Pew Research Center, etc.;
• Government or Industry Trade Group or International Regulatory Agency (UN, OECD, WTO, etc.) reports;
• Memoirs or autobiographies by managers or creative professionals working at the organization;
• Interviews conducted by you (provide notes or transcript).
• Television, print, images, films that provide the content for analysis

BBC and New York Times Sociology Research

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